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Though articular cartilage damage is not life-threatening, it does strongly affect one's quality of life. Articular cartilage damage is often the cause of severe pain, knee swelling, substantial reduction in mobility and severe restrictions to one's activities. Over the last decades, however, research has focused on regenerating damaged joints.
The knee is one of the joints most commonly affected by osteoarthritis. [2] Cartilage in the knee may begin to break down after sustained stress, leaving the bones of the knee rubbing against each other and resulting in osteoarthritis. [7] Nearly a third of US citizens are affected by osteoarthritis of the knee by age 70. [8]
Bending the knee (into hyperflexion if tolerable), and especially squatting, is typically a painful maneuver if the meniscus is torn. The range of motion of the joint is often restricted. Cooper's sign is present in over 92% of tears. It is a subjective symptom of pain in the affected knee when turning over in bed at night.
The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone ...
Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise. [2] The location and severity of knee pain may vary, depending on the cause of the problem. Signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany knee pain include: [1] Swelling and stiffness; Redness and warmth to the touch; Weakness or instability; Popping or ...
A knee X-ray and/or blood test – this can assist to exclude certain types of arthritis or inflammation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging – to observe cartilage condition and assess deterioration; Arthroscopy – a low invasive approach to image the inside of the knee joint by inserting an endoscope into the knee joint. [16]