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The Gupta Empire was an Indian empire during the classical period of the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century to mid 6th century CE. At its zenith, the dynasty ruled over an empire that spanned much of the northern Indian subcontinent. [21]
The 11th century Persian writer Al-Biruni, who described the Guptas as "wicked", stated that the Gupta era marked the end of the Gupta dynasty. He dated the Gupta era to the year 241 of the Shaka era, that is, 318–319 CE which later led to debates about the era's origin among the 19th century historians since his statement would mean the ...
The high points of this cultural creativity is seen in Gupta architecture, sculpture and painting. [53] The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma, and Vatsyayana who made advances in a variety of academic fields. [54] Science and political administration advanced during the Gupta era.
According to the proponents of this theory, the dynasty's founder Gupta probably ruled a small territory in the Bengal region, and his descendants captured a larger territory in the Ganges basin, which is described in the Puranas. Alternatively, they propose that Gupta's kingdom extended from Prayaga in the west to northern Bengal in the east. [18]
Skanda-Gupta: 455–467 CE: It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. Puru-Gupta: 467–473 CE
Science and political administration reached new heights during the Gupta era. Strong trade ties also made the region an important cultural centre and established it as a base that would influence nearby kingdoms and regions. [150] [151] The period of peace under Gupta rule is known as Pax Gupta.
Copper-plate charter of Budhagupta, dated Gupta year 168. The plate is a record documenting a donation in the reign of king Budhagupta (circa CE 477–88) in year 168 of the Gupta era. The date is equivalent to CE 487–88. The plate was found in Shankarpur, Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Historian V. A. Smith read the dates on some of Kumaragupta's coins as c. 455 CE (years 134 and 135 of the Gupta era), based on which modern scholars theorize that Kumaragupta ruled until 455 CE. However, numismatist P. L. Gupta has disputed Smith's reading, and has dated the end of Kumaragupta's reign to c. 450 CE.