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The history of Afghanistan covers the development of Afghanistan from ancient times to the establishment of the Emirate of Afghanistan in 1823 and Afghanistan in modern times. This history is largely shared with that of Central Asia, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era ...
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan as of 1997. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostly tribal society. The population of the country consists of numerous ethnolinguistic groups: mainly the Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, and Uzbek, as well as the minorities of Aimaq, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai, Nuristani, Gujjar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Pamiri, Kyrgyz, Moghol, and others.
Afghanistan, [e] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, [f] is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, [g] Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
Afghans (Dari: افغانها; Pashto: افغانان) are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan, as well as their descendants in the Afghan diaspora. [41] [42] [43] The country is made up of various ethnic groups, of which Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.
The ancient history of Afghanistan, also referred to as the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, dates back to the prehistoric era and the Helmand civilization around 3300–2350 BCE. Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the late 1970s during the Soviet–Afghan War .
First known evidences of humans living in Afghanistan, and that farming communities of the region were among the earliest in the world. [1] 3300–2350 BCE: The Bronze Age Helmand culture in the middle and lower valley of the Helmand River, in southern Afghanistan (Kandahar, Helmand and Nimruz province) and eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan ...
Although Afghanistan has historically been one of the poorest countries in the world, the Hazarajat region has remained underdeveloped due to past government neglect. Since the ousting of the Taliban in late 2001, billions of dollars have been invested in Afghanistan for reconstruction, and several large-scale projects began in August 2012.
The Pashtun people are classified as an Iranian ethnic group.They are indigenous to southern Afghanistan and western Pakistan. [1] [2] Although a number of theories attempting to explain their ethnogenesis have been put forward, the exact origin of the Pashtun tribes is acknowledged as being obscure. [3]