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In addition, the three-person crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 also entered lunar orbit, and the crew of Apollo 13 looped around the Moon on a free-return trajectory. All nine crewed missions to the Moon took place as part of the Apollo program over a period of just under four years, from 21 December 1968 to 19 December 1972.
One important rock found during the Apollo Program is dubbed the Genesis Rock, retrieved by astronauts David Scott and James Irwin during the Apollo 15 mission. [131] This anorthosite rock is composed almost exclusively of the calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite , and is believed to be representative of the highland crust. [ 132 ]
The astronauts had personal preference kits (PPKs), small bags containing personal items of significance they wanted to take with them on the mission. [79] Five 0.5-pound (0.23 kg) PPKs were carried on Apollo 11: three (one for each astronaut) were stowed on Columbia before launch, and two on Eagle. [80]
Category for NASA astronauts who took part in the successful or non-successful Apollo missions (1967-1972) See also: Category:People who have walked on the Moon (currently exclusive to the Apollo program)
Launch of AS-506 space vehicle on July 16, 1969, at pad 39A for mission Apollo 11 to land the first men on the Moon. The Apollo program was a United States human spaceflight program carried out from 1961 to 1972 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which landed the first astronauts on the Moon. [1]
Apollo 9: 13 March 1969 Apollo 9: Tested Lunar Module in low Earth orbit. 34 Thomas P. Stafford (3) John Young (3) Eugene Cernan (2) 18 May 1969 Apollo 10: 26 May 1969 Apollo 10: Tested Lunar Module in low lunar orbit. 35 Neil Armstrong (2) Michael Collins (2) Buzz Aldrin (2) 16 July 1969 Apollo 11: Moon: 24 July 1969 Apollo 11: First lunar ...
Apollo astronauts frequently aligned their spacecraft inertial navigation platforms and determined their positions relative to the Earth and Moon by sighting sets of stars with optical instruments. As a practical joke, the Apollo 1 crew named three of the stars in the Apollo catalog after themselves and introduced them into NASA documentation.
The flags indicate the astronaut's primary citizenship during his or her time as an astronaut. The symbol identifies female astronauts. The symbol indicates astronauts who have left low Earth orbit. The symbol indicates astronauts who have walked on the Moon. The symbol † indicates astronauts who have died in incidents related to a space program.