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In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [2] [3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.
2. Converging at an angle of less than 90°. Contrast obtuse. ad-Prefix meaning "near or toward"; also meaning "added to". [13] adaxial Surface of an organ facing toward the organ's axis, [13] e.g. the upper surface of a lateral organ such as a leaf or petal. Contrast abaxial. adelphia. pl. adelphiae
The strength of the optomotor response to different temporal frequencies for are state-dependent: stationary flies have a peak temporal frequency optima around 1 Hz, [16] [20] while walking flies have a peak behavior response to optic flow between 1–4 Hz [5] [21] [20] [16] and the optimal frequency during flight is much faster, between 3–12 ...
) reflex. The orienting response is a reaction to novel or significant stimuli. In the 1950s the orienting response was studied systematically by the Russian scientist Evgeny Sokolov , who documented the phenomenon called " habituation ", referring to a gradual "familiarity effect" and reduction of the orienting response with repeated stimulus ...
Abdominal reflex; Accommodation reflex — coordinated changes in the vergence, lens shape and pupil size when looking at a distant object after a near object. Acoustic reflex or attenuation reflex — contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles in the middle ear in response to high sound intensities.
A taxis (from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement, order'; [1] pl.: taxes / ˈ t æ k s iː z /) [2] [3] [4] is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food.
Although there are numerous definitions of pain, almost all involve two key components. First, nociception is required. This is the ability to detect noxious stimuli which evokes a reflex response that moves the entire animal, or the affected part of its body, away from the source of the stimulus. The concept of nociception does not necessarily ...
The menace response is one of three forms of blink reflex. It includes the reflexive blinking that occurs specifically in response to the rapid approach of an object. [ 1 ] The menace response comprises blinking of the eyelids , in order to protect the eyes from potential damage, but may also include turning of the head, neck, or even the trunk ...