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The bacterial DNA is not packaged using histones to form chromatin as in eukaryotes but instead exists as a highly compact supercoiled structure, the precise nature of which remains unclear. [6] Most bacterial chromosomes are circular, although some examples of linear chromosomes exist (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi). Usually, a single bacterial ...
Historically, bacteria were considered a part of the Plantae, the plant kingdom, and were called "Schizomycetes" (fission-fungi). [171] For this reason, collective bacteria and other microorganisms in a host are often called "flora". [172] The term "bacteria" was traditionally applied to all microscopic, single-cell prokaryotes.
The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan (poly-N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid), which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape. It is ...
Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids. organic acids , vitamin , proteins , antibiotics and other commercially used metabolites which are produced by microorganisms. Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important bacterial species with an annual production of more than two million tons of amino acids, mainly ...
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. [1] It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.
The bacterial outer membrane is found in gram-negative bacteria. ... If lipid A, part of the lipopolysaccharide, ...
"The most worrisome part of bacterial meningitis is the lethality of the disease and the rapidity of its onset," explains Dr. Jatin Vyas, a professor of medicine in the infectious disease division ...
In bacteria, gene transfer occurs by three processes. These are virus-mediated transduction; [14] conjugation; [16] and natural transformation. [17] Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage viruses appears to reflect occasional errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles, rather than an adaptation of the host bacteria. There ...