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Gerontological nursing includes educating the elderly patient to be honest in discussing falls with medical professionals, using ambulatory aids, having adequate footwear and adequate lighting when ambulating. Doing medication checks with any new prescriptions can help to reduce side effects that can cause a fall in the elderly.
The hallmark sign of sarcopenia is loss of lean muscle mass, or muscle atrophy. The change in body composition may be difficult to detect due to obesity, changes in fat mass, or edema. Changes in weight, limb or waist circumference are not reliable indicators of muscle mass changes.
Muscle-atrophy can be induced in pre-clinical models (e.g. mice) to study the effects of therapeutic interventions against muscle-atrophy. Restriction of the diet, i.e. caloric restriction, leads to a significant loss of muscle mass within two weeks, and loss of muscle-mass can be rescued by a nutritional intervention. [35]
Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxant, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxant, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.
Muscle weakness makes it difficult to perform everyday activities, like getting into a bathtub. Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength associated with aging. [19] The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, co-existing health conditions, nutrition and other factors.
An injection into the deltoid muscle is commonly administered using a 1-inch long needle, but may use a 5 ⁄ 8-inch long needle for younger people or very frail elderly people. [ 11 ] The ventrogluteal site on the hip is used for injections which require a larger volume to be administered, greater than 1 mL, and for medications which are known ...