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For any group of people there are always other groups whom they look upon to and aspire to be like them. [11] Such groups act as a frame of reference to which people always refer to evaluate their achievements, their role performance, aspirations and ambitions. A reference group can be either from a membership group or non-membership group.
Norms are the ideas adopted by the group pertaining to acceptable and unacceptable conduct by members. Group structure is a very important part of a group. If people fail to meet their expectations within to groups, and fulfil their roles, they may not accept the group, or be accepted by other group members.
A group with a high level of role differentiation would be categorized as having many different roles that are specialized and narrowly defined. [53] A key role in a group is the leader, but there are other important roles as well, including task roles, relationship roles, and individual roles. [53]
Social roles included appropriate and permitted forms of behavior and actions that recur in a group, guided by social norms, which are commonly known and hence determine the expectations for appropriate behavior in these roles, which further explains the position of a person in the society. Roles are occupied by individuals, who are called actors.
Human society features high degrees of cooperation, and differs in important ways from groups of chimps and bonobos, including the parental role of males, [4] [5] the use of language to communicate, [3] the specialization of labor, [6] and the tendency to build "nests" (multigenerational camps, town, or cities).
Social position together with social role determines an individual's place in the social environment and social organisation. A group of social positions will create a social class and a social circle. A social conflict caused by interference between social positions is called a position conflict.
In their life people have to face different social roles, sometimes they have to face different roles at the same time in different social situations. There is an evolution of social roles: some disappear and some new develop. Role behavior is influenced by: The norms that determine a social situation.
The more homogeneous the group, the more cohesive it will be. The more heterogeneous the group, the greater the differences in perspective and increased potential for creativity, but also the greater potential for conflict. Team members normally have different roles, like team leader and agents. Large teams can divide into subteams according to ...