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Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 51 million DNA base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells. In 1999, researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome. Chromosome 22 was the first human ...
The shorter arm of a chromosome is termed the p arm or p-arm, while the longer arm is the q arm or q-arm. The chromosomal locus of a typical gene, for example, might be written 3p22.1, where: [citation needed] 3 = chromosome 3; p = p-arm; 22 = region 2, band 2 (read as "two, two", not "twenty-two") 1 = sub-band 1
The formations of nucleoli takes place around the NOR region. The secondary constriction also contains the genes for rRNA synthesis (18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and 28S rRNA). Genes for 5S rRNA are present on chromosome 1. Due to secondary constriction, a knob-like structure is formed at the end called a satellite chromosome (SAT chromosome).
The largest regions on each chromosome are the short arm p and the long arm q, separated by a narrow region near the center called the centromere. [1] Other specific regions have also been defined, some of which are similarly found on every chromosome, while others are only present in certain chromosomes. Named regions include: Arms (p and q ...
A small extra chromosome is found, made up of the top half of chromosome 22 and a portion of the q arm at the q11.2 break. This chromosome can be found three or four times. This syndrome is referred to as "cat eye" due to the eye appearance of reported affected individuals who have coloboma of the iris, but this feature is only seen in about ...
Ring chromosomes occur when the ends of a chromosome lose material and fuse into a ring shape; in the case of ring 22, this occurs for chromosome 22, the last numbered human autosome. Ring chromosome 22 is marked by a number of consistent traits , such as intellectual disability , speech delay, hypotonia , and hyperactivity.
These microduplications likely represent the predicted reciprocal rearrangements to the microdeletions characterized in the 22q11.2 region. [2] Smaller microduplications may occur within this highly dynamic with frequent rearrangements using alternative low-copy repeats as recombination substrates within and distal to the DiGeorge syndrome region.
Which are essentially instructions for everything from development to day-to-day survival, and these genes are spread out across 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22q11.2 is like an address, so 22 stands for chromosome 22, with q designating the long arm of the chromosome, then it’s on region 1, band 1, and sub-band 2.