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Urothelial carcinoma 0.7 to 2.8% [12] Umbrella cells are usually present in low-grade tumors [13] Frequently branching fibrovascular cores [13] Frequently fusing of papillae [13] Not recommended [1] Small-cell carcinoma 0.3–2% [14] [15] [notes 1] Small blue cells with scant cytoplasm [1] High nucleus/cytoplasm ratio [1] "salt and pepper ...
For prostate cancer, cell morphology is graded based on the Gleason grading system. [citation needed] Of note, this system of describing tumors as "well-", "moderately-", and "poorly-" differentiated based on Gleason score of 2–4, 5–6, and 7–10, respectively, persists in SEER and other databases but is generally outdated. In recent years ...
For example, if the primary tumor grade was 2 and the secondary tumor grade was 3 but some cells were found to be grade 4, the Gleason score would be 2+4=6. This is a slight change from the pre-2005 Gleason system where the second number was the secondary grade (i.e., the grade of the second-most common cell line pattern). [4]
Of the many cancer-specific schemes, the Gleason system, [3] named after Donald Floyd Gleason, used to grade the adenocarcinoma cells in prostate cancer is the most famous. This system uses a grading score ranging from 2 to 10.
[note 1] Gleason scores are commonly grouped into "Gleason grade groups", which predict disease prognosis: a Gleason score of 6 is Gleason grade group 1 (best prognosis). A score of 7 (with Gleason scores 4 + 3, or Gleason scores 3 + 4, with the most prominent listed first) can be grade group 2 or 3; it is grade group 2 if the less severe ...
Nowadays, PIN 1 is referred to as low grade PIN, and PIN 2 and PIN 3 are grouped together as high grade PIN. [10] Only high grade PIN has been shown to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. Because low grade PIN has no significance and does not require repeat biopsies or treatment, it is not mentioned in pathology reports. As such, PIN has ...
He entered Sunday having completed 68.5% for his passes for an NFL-best 284.1 yards per game with 36 touchdowns and eight interceptions. His 37th touchdown pass to Higgins tied him with Lamar ...
Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung is a highly lethal disease. Overall, the five-year survival rates approximate 16% to 22%. Generally, survival is better in all stages for patients with the acinar (or papillary) pattern than it is in patients with the solid pattern, but considerably worse than those with the bronchioloalveolar pattern.