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Drugs derived from natural sources are commonly produced either by isolation from their natural source or, as described here, through semisynthesis of an isolated agent. From the perspective of chemical synthesis , living organisms act as highly efficient chemical factories, capable of producing structurally complex compounds through biosynthesis .
The adverse effects of synthetic drugs are hard to determine as they usually contain other chemicals with variable concentrations and human studies are limited. Synthetic cannabinoids can cause cardiovascular problems such as tachyarrhythmia, seizures, psychological disorders and potential carcinogenic effects. Addiction and withdrawal symptoms ...
Semi-synthetic production of antibiotics is a combination of natural fermentation and laboratory work to maximize the antibiotic. Maximization can occur through efficacy of the drug itself, amount of antibiotics produced, and potency of the antibiotic being produced.
Desomorphine [note 1] is a semi-synthetic opioid commercialized by Roche, with powerful, fast-acting effects, ... has been developed as a recreational drug. [13]
Etorphine (M99) is a semi-synthetic opioid possessing an analgesic potency approximately 1,000–3,000 times that of morphine. [1] It was first prepared in 1960 from oripavine, which does not generally occur in opium poppy extract but rather the related plants Papaver orientale and Papaver bracteatum. [2]
Hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP, sometimes mistakenly referred to as hexahydroxycannabiphorol) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivative which has been marketed since around 2021. [1] [2] It is believed to be made from the hydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP). THCP is only reported as a trace component of cannabis in 2019. [3]
Syrians descend on Damascus hospital in search for country's missing. The pill is the synthetic stimulant fenethylline or fenetylline, known by the brand name Captagon, that overtook the Middle ...
Hexahydrocannabihexol (HHCH) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivative. It was first synthesised by Roger Adams in 1942 and found to be more potent than either the pentyl or heptyl homologues, or the unsaturated tetrahydrocannabinol analogue. [1] [2] HHCH was first identified as a designer drug in Sweden in September 2023. [3]