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For instance, if a renewal fee was due in February 2004, the additional fee fell due on August 31, 2004 (Tuesday), i.e. 6 months from the end of February 2004. The obligation to pay renewal fees terminates with the payment of the renewal fee due in respect of the year in which the mention of the grant of the European patent is published. [13]
PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [1] PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. [2] PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase.
The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for in vitro DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. [1] This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of the primers to the single stranded DNA (the annealing step) and copying ...
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR or AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by Pieter Vos, [ 1 ] AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA , followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction ...
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for PCR optimization which have been developed by molecular biologists to improve PCR performance and minimize failure.
This generation of target specific primer occurs in parallel with standard PCR amplification under standard PCR conditions. Representation of a typical multiplex RC-PCR for generating amplicon libraries for downstream analysis by Illumina next generation sequencing. Multiple targets are amplified and dual indexed in a single closed tube reaction.
Polymerase cycling assembly (or PCA, also known as Assembly PCR) is a method for the assembly of large DNA oligonucleotides from shorter fragments. The process uses the same technology as PCR, but takes advantage of DNA hybridization and annealing as well as DNA polymerase to amplify a complete sequence of DNA in a precise order based on the single stranded oligonucleotides used in the process.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), pronounced "rapid", [1] is a type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the segments of DNA that are amplified are random. [2] The scientist performing RAPD creates several arbitrary, short primers (10–12 nucleotides), then proceeds with the PCR using a large template of genomic DNA, hoping that fragments will amplify.