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The development of ORCA started in 1997, while Frank Neese was on his PostDoc at Stanford University.Since then the ORCA development went on, following Neese to his stations at the University of Bonn, the Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, and finally the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung.
For a black body, Planck's law gives: [8] [11] = where (the Intensity or Brightness) is the amount of energy emitted per unit surface area per unit time per unit solid angle and in the frequency range between and +; is the temperature of the black body; is the Planck constant; is frequency; is the speed of light; and is the Boltzmann constant.
In Big Bang cosmology, the Planck epoch or Planck era is the earliest stage of the Big Bang, before the time passed was equal to the Planck time, t P, or approximately 10 −43 seconds. [30] There is no currently available physical theory to describe such short times, and it is not clear in what sense the concept of time is meaningful for ...
‡ Support for periodic systems (3d-crystals, 2d-slabs, 1d-rods and isolated molecules): 3d-periodic codes always allow simulating systems with lower dimensionality within a supercell. Specified here is the ability for simulating within lower periodicity.
The physical meaning of θ R is as an estimate of the temperature at which thermal energy (of the order of k B T) is comparable to the spacing between rotational energy levels (of the order of hcB). At about this temperature the population of excited rotational levels becomes important. Some typical values are given in the table.
The table "Planck temperature temperature conversion formulae" is a conversion table from and to Kelvin, not Planck temperature. Gulliveig ( talk ) 04:51, 23 August 2011 (UTC) [ reply ] Discrepency between this and "Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)" page
The polarization of the CMB, discovered in 2002 by DASI, [30] has been successfully predicted by the model: in the 2015 Planck data release, [31] there are seven observed peaks in the temperature (TT) power spectrum, six peaks in the temperature–polarization (TE) cross spectrum, and five peaks in the polarization (EE) spectrum. The six free ...
T is the temperature as measured in kelvins; is the reduced Planck constant; The quantum concentration for room temperature protons is about 1/cubic-Angstrom. As the quantum concentration depends on temperature, high temperatures will put most systems in the classical limit unless they have a very high density e.g. a White dwarf.