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Cystic fibrosis (also known as CF or mucoviscidosis) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine.
Developing a chronic cough can occur from different lifestyle choices. These include smoking cigarettes that the individual smokes themselves or breathes from second-hand exposure. [20] Long-term exposure to smoke can irritate airways and lead to chronic cough and in severe cases lung damage. Other risk factors include exposure to polluted air ...
Common chronic illnesses in children include asthma, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, obesity and overweight, malnutrition, developmental disabilities and differences, and mental illness. [7] Leading causes of poor outcomes due to childhood chronic illness, however, depend on geographic region.
Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), and immunodeficiency. [5] [7]
People with cystic fibrosis may experience salty skin, persistent coughing, lung infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis, and wheezing and shortness of breath. Cystic fibrosis can also cause poor weight gain and growth, nasal polyps, chronic sinus infections, clubbing or enlargement of fingers and toes, infertility in males, and rectal ...
Children are at an increased risk for progression to severe respiratory disease if they have any of the following additional risk factors: [8] [9] [13] [14] Preterm infant (gestational age less than 37 weeks) Younger age at onset of illness (less than 3 months of age) Congenital heart disease; Immunodeficiency; Chronic lung disease ...
A common genetic cause is cystic fibrosis, which affects chloride ion transport. [28] Another genetic cause is primary ciliary dyskinesia, a rare disorder that leads to immotility of cilia and can lead to situs inversus. [52] When situs inversus is accompanied by chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis, this is known as Kartagener's syndrome. [53]
The cause is unknown, hence the term idiopathic. [2] Risk factors include cigarette smoking, acid reflux disease (GERD), certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition. [1] The underlying mechanism involves scarring of the lungs. [1] Diagnosis requires ruling out other potential causes. [3]
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