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Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) is an instrument for assessing the language function of adults with suspected aphasia as a result of a stroke, head injury, or dementia. The updated version is the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R). [1] The battery helps discern the presence, degree, and type of aphasia.
Expressive aphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia) is a type of aphasia characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spoken, manual, [1] or written), although comprehension generally remains intact. [2] A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech.
TMoA is classified as a non-fluent aphasia that is characterized by a significantly reduced output of speech, but good auditory comprehension. [1] Auditory comprehension skills remain intact because the arcuate fasciculus and Wernicke's area are not impaired. [1]
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.
Auditory comprehension is a primary focus in treatment for Wernicke's aphasia, as it is the main deficit related to this diagnosis. Therapy activities may include: Single-word comprehension: A common treatment method used to support single-word comprehension skills is known as a pointing drill.
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]
Auditory exclusion is a form of temporary loss of hearing occurring under high stress. As such it is related to tunnel vision and "the slowing of time in the mind". [1] [2] [3] Auditory exclusion happens as a result of the physiological effects of the acute stress response, specifically an increased heart rate.
Another clinical study showed declines in depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation following a treatment program using AVE. [12] A study by Berg and Siever used audio-visual entrainment devices on women with seasonal affective disorder. Both depression and anxiety symptoms were reduced in participants, as compared to a placebo phase.