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Individuals affected by RS3PE typically have repeated episodes of inflammation of the lining of their synovial joints and swelling of the end portion of the limbs. [8] The arms and hands are more commonly affected than the legs and feet. [8] Both sides are usually involved though RS3PE can affect only one side in certain cases. [8]
Causes of edema that are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally. For example, severe heart failure can cause pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, ascites and peripheral edema. Such severe systemic edema is called anasarca. In rare cases, a parvovirus B19 infection may cause generalized edemas. [9]
Peripheral edema is edema (accumulation of fluid causing swelling) in tissues perfused by the peripheral vascular system, usually in the lower limbs. In the most dependent parts of the body (those hanging distally ), it may be called dependent edema.
Grade 1 (mild edema): Involves the distal parts such as a forearm and hand or a lower leg and foot. The difference in circumference is less than 4 cm (1.6 in) and no other tissue changes are present. Grade 2 (moderate edema): Involves an entire limb or corresponding quadrant of the trunk. Difference in circumference is 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in).
Heat causes the blood vessels to expand (dilate), so body fluid moves into the hands or legs by gravity. The balance of salt in the body is also a risk factor for heat edema. If salt loss is less than normal, the increased salt level draws fluid into the hands and legs.
The swelling most commonly affects the arms, legs, face, intestinal tract, and airway. [3] If the intestinal tract is affected, abdominal pain and vomiting may occur. [1] Swelling of the airway can result in its obstruction and trouble breathing. [1] Without preventive treatment, attacks typically occur every two weeks and last for a few days. [3]
A wide range of symptoms can indicate if a person has polymyalgia rheumatica. The classic symptoms include: [2] [11] Pain and stiffness (moderate to severe) in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, thighs, and hips, which inhibits activity, especially in the morning, but which usually persists to some degree throughout the day.
Angioedema is an area of swelling of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes. [1] [3] The swelling may occur in the face, tongue, larynx, abdomen, or arms and legs. [1] Often it is associated with hives, which are swelling within the upper skin. [1] [3] Onset is typically over minutes to hours. [1]