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The magnetopause distance from the planet's center at the subsolar point [note 1] varies widely from 16 to 27 R s (R s =60,330 km is the equatorial radius of Saturn). [14] [15] The magnetopause's position depends on the pressure exerted by the solar wind, which in turn depends on solar activity.
The distance from Earth to the subsolar magnetopause varies over time due to solar activity, but typical distances range from 6–15 R. Empirical models [8] [9] using real-time solar wind data can provide a real-time estimate of the magnetopause location. A bow shock stands upstream from the magnetopause. It serves to decelerate and deflect the ...
The magnetopause exists at a distance of several hundred kilometers above Earth's surface. Earth's magnetopause has been compared to a sieve because it allows solar wind particles to enter. Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities occur when large swirls of plasma travel along the edge of the magnetosphere at different velocities from the magnetosphere ...
The magnetosheath is the region of space between the magnetopause and the bow shock of a planet's magnetosphere.The regularly organized magnetic field generated by the planet becomes weak and irregular in the magnetosheath due to interaction with the incoming solar wind, and is incapable of fully deflecting the highly charged particles.
The best-studied example of a bow shock is that occurring where the Sun's wind encounters Earth's magnetopause, although bow shocks occur around all planets, both unmagnetized, such as Mars [2] and Venus [3] and magnetized, such as Jupiter [4] or Saturn. [5]
The Saturn I [a] was a rocket designed as the United States' first medium lift launch vehicle for up to 20,000-pound (9,100 kg) low Earth orbit payloads. [2] Its development was taken over from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1958 by the newly formed civilian NASA.
The Dungey cycle, officially proposed by James Dungey in 1961, [1] is a phenomenon that explains interactions between a planet's magnetosphere and solar wind. [2] Dungey originally proposed a cyclic behavior of magnetic reconnection between Earth's magnetosphere and flux of solar wind.
In their stowed launch configuration, each are approximately 3.5 by 1.2 m (11.5 by 3.9 ft), and when stacked together they have a total height of 4.9 m (16 ft). [6] After being deployed in orbit, a total of eight axial and wire booms are deployed, including four Spin-Plane Double Probe (SDP) wire booms each 60 m (200 ft) long.