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An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source, usually for safety reasons or to reduce transients and harmonics. [1]
Isolation amplifiers are used in medical instruments to ensure isolation of a patient from power supply leakage current. [1] Amplifiers with an isolation barrier allow the front-end of the amplifier to float with respect to common mode voltage to the limit of the barrier's breakdown voltage, which is often 1,000 volts or more.
An isolation transformer links two circuits magnetically, but provides no metallic conductive path between the circuits. An example application would be in the power supply for medical equipment, when it is necessary to prevent any leakage from the AC power system into devices connected to a patient.
A transformer is the most widespread example of galvanic isolation. An opto-isolator is a very popular method of isolation in digital circuits. Cross-section of dual in-line package opto-isolators. Relative sizes of LED (red) and sensor (green) are exaggerated.
The international standard IEC 60601-1 Medical Electrical Equipment (3rd edition) specifies stringent criteria on the safety and isolation of medical devices. These requirements are of course much more stringent than those of a typical consumer product standard (i.e. IEC 60950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment), as the patient may be ...
An insulation monitoring device monitors the ungrounded system between an active phase conductor and earth.It is intended to give an alert (light and sound) or disconnect the power supply when the resistance between the two conductors drops below a set value, usually 50 kΩ (sample of IEC standard for medical applications).
Toroidal inductors and transformers are inductors and transformers which use magnetic cores with a toroidal (ring or donut) shape. They are passive electronic components , consisting of a circular ring or donut shaped magnetic core of ferromagnetic material such as laminated iron , iron powder, or ferrite , around which wire is wound.
Laboratory rooms, medical facilities, construction sites, repair workshops, mobile electrical installations, and other environments that are supplied via engine-generators where there is an increased risk of insulation faults, often use an IT earthing arrangement supplied from isolation transformers.