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The electronic properties of graphene are significantly influenced by the supporting substrate. [59] [60] The Si(100)/H surface does not perturb graphene's electronic properties, whereas the interaction between it and the clean Si(100) surface changes its electronic states significantly. This effect results from the covalent bonding between C ...
Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure). Atoms at the edges of a graphene sheet have special chemical reactivity. Graphene has the highest ratio of edge atoms of any allotrope. Defects within a sheet increase its chemical reactivity ...
The quantum capacitance of graphene is relevant to understanding and modeling gated graphene. [4] It is also relevant for carbon nanotubes. [5] In modeling and analyzing dye-sensitized solar cells, the quantum capacitance of the sintered TiO 2 nanoparticle electrode is an important effect, as described in the work of Juan Bisquert. [2] [6] [7]
Potential graphene applications include lightweight, thin, and flexible electric/photonics circuits, solar cells, and various medical, chemical and industrial processes enhanced or enabled by the use of new graphene materials, and favoured by massive cost decreases in graphene production.
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon that consists of a single layer of graphite. [15] It has been used in sensors to detect vapour-phase molecules, [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] pH, [ 19 ] proteins, [ 19 ] bacteria, [ 20 ] and simulated chemical warfare agents.
The two-dimensional electron system in graphene can be tuned to either a 2DEG or 2DHG (2-D hole gas) by gating or chemical doping. This has been a topic of current research due to the versatile (some existing but mostly envisaged) applications of graphene. [2] A separate class of heterostructures that can host 2DEGs are oxides.
As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
Graphene has been studied extensively for its use in electrochemical systems such as batteries since its first isolation in 2004. [15] Graphene offers high surface area and good conductivity. [ 16 ] In current lithium-ion battery technology, the 2D networks of graphite inhibit smooth lithium-ion intercalation; the lithium ions must travel ...