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The Jordan river basin and its water are central issues of both the Arab–Israeli conflict (including Israeli–Palestinian conflict), as well as the more recent Syrian civil war. [1] The Jordan River is 251 kilometres (156 mi) long and, over most of its distance, flows at elevations below sea level.
In the past, one of the main water resources in Jordan was the Jordan River, with a flow of 1.3 billion m 3 per year (BCM/yr). However, after Israel built the National Water Carrier in 1953 and diverted water from the Sea of Galilee to Israel's coastal plains and southern desert, the flow of the Lower Jordan River dropped significantly.
Eshkol's priority on the Syrian front was control of the water sources. [22] Jordan claims it has riparian rights to water from the Jordan basin and upper Jordan tributaries. Due to the water diversion projects, the flow to the river Jordan was reduced from 1,300/1,500 million cubic metres to 250/300 million cubic metres.
Water cooperation was a key element of the 1994 peace treaty between the two countries but chilly relations over the past decades have complicated efforts to increase water supply to the Jordan River.
Israel's water demand today outstrips available conventional water resources. Thus, in an average year, Israel relies for about half of its water supply from unconventional water resources, including reclaimed water and desalination. A particularly long drought in 1998–2002 had prompted the government to promote large-scale seawater desalination.
The country's major surface water resources are the Jordan River and Yarmouk River, which are shared by its neighbors Israel and Syria. [19] The Jordan River is formed by three spring-fed rivers - the Hasbani River in southern Lebanon, the Dan River in northern Israel, and the Banias River in Syria.
In 1995, the Water Annex to the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty increased Jordan's available water resources through the delivery of water from the Sea of Galilee and a greater share of water from the Yarmouk River. At the same time it was decided to double the capacity of the Deiralla-Amman conveyor to pump the additional drinking water to ...
The City of Burlington will require manufacturers that send forever chemicals to the city’s wastewater treatment plant to find ways to eliminate them, as part of a settlement agreement between ...