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NATO was established on 4 April 1949 by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty). The 12 founding members of the alliance were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [132]
Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states. Three more members joined between 1952 and 1955, and a fourth joined in 1982. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has added 16 more members from 1999 to 2024. [1]
Cyprus is the only EU member state that is neither a NATO member state nor a member of the PfP program. The Parliament of Cyprus voted in February 2011 to apply for membership in the program, but President Demetris Christofias vetoed the decision, arguing that it would hamper his attempts to negotiate an end to the Cyprus dispute and demilitarize the island.
Global partners are on the same level as countries with an Individual Partnership Action Plan, with regards to working side by side with NATO member states on "a range of common cross-cutting security challenges such as cyber defense, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation and resilience". [3]
The Defense Cooperation Agreement, or DCA, is a bilateral treaty between Finland and the United States on mutual cooperation and NATO membership obligations. The DCA entered into force on September 1, 2024.
The United States Mission to NATO (USNATO) is the official representation of the United States to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is located at NATO Headquarters in the City of Brussels, Belgium. The mission includes individuals representing numerous U.S. federal agencies.
Map of NATO enlargement (1952–present). The history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) begins in the immediate aftermath of World War II.In 1947, the United Kingdom and France signed the Treaty of Dunkirk and the United States set out the Truman Doctrine, the former to defend against a potential German attack and the latter to counter Soviet expansion.
Article 5 has been invoked only once in NATO history, after the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] The invocation was confirmed on 4 October 2001, when NATO determined that the attacks were indeed eligible under the terms of the North Atlantic Treaty. [ 52 ]