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Guidelines are available from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), and the Asia-Pacific Working Party on NAFLD. [5] [7] [14] [66] [16] [78] [79]
AASLD's mission: To advance and disseminate the science and practice of hepatology, and to promote liver health and quality patient care. [citation needed]Hepatology has been recognized as a discipline only in the last few decades, and AASLD played a seminal and unifying role in focusing interest on hepatological problems, as well as the founding of other hepatological societies.
Pocket-sized ultrasound devices might be used as point-of-care screening tools to diagnose liver steatosis. [30] [31] Medical imaging can aid in diagnosis of fatty liver; fatty livers have lower density than spleens on computed tomography (CT), and fat appears bright in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs).
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC [1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. [3]
The Journal of Hepatology also publishes EASL's Clinical Practice Guidelines. [8] These guidelines assist physicians, healthcare providers, patients and other interested parties in the clinical decision-making process. The EASL Guidelines present a range of state-of-the-art approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
Worldwide hepatitis C is the cause of 27% of cirrhosis cases and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma. [24] About 10–30% of those infected develop cirrhosis over 30 years. [ 5 ] [ 16 ] Cirrhosis is more common in those also infected with hepatitis B , schistosoma , or HIV, in alcoholics , and in those of male sex. [ 16 ]
This population has a 40% lifetime risk of death from cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. [93] Of those infected between the age of one to six, 70% will clear the infection. [97] Hepatitis D (HDV) can occur only with a concomitant hepatitis B infection, because HDV uses the HBV surface antigen to form a capsid. [98]
The AASLD recommends screening men who have sex with men who are HIV-positive annually. [10] People born in the US between 1945 and 1965 should be screened once (unless they have other exposure risks). [90] [92] [10] Screening consists of a blood test that detects anti-hepatitis C virus antibody.
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