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Gum grafting, also known as a gingival graft or periodontal plastic surgery, is a surgical procedure to reverse gum recession. Gum recession exposes the roots of teeth, [9] which can lead to sensitivity and put teeth at a higher risk of damage or disease [10] due to the loosening of their attachment within the gums and bones of the jaw.
Others, including Broome and Taggert [4] and Donn [5] also described the use of SECT grafts for increasing the zone of keratinized tissue. Of the various ways of preparing the graft recipient site, Edel described using two vertical incisions, mesial and distal to the teeth at which the zone of keratinized tissue was intended to be widened. [1]
A barrier membrane is then fastened to the gum, the socket is packed with bone grafting material and the wound closed over the barrier membrane. Where the barrier membrane does not dissolve, it is removed approximately 30 days after placement, [5] and the graft becomes incorporated into the healing bone 3–9 months later.
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Gingival recession, also known as gum recession and receding gums, is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth. [1] Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting in adolescence, or around the age of 10.
Use of barrier membranes to direct bone regeneration was first described in the context of orthopaedic research 1959. [2] The theoretical principles basic to guided tissue regeneration were developed by Melcher in 1976, who outlined the necessity of excluding unwanted cell lines from healing sites to allow growth of desired tissues. [3]
A free gingival graft is a type of gingival grafting performed to correct acquired deficiencies of the gum tissue around teeth or dental implants. Besides autologous tissues, xenogeneic collagen matrices are using for gingival augmentation after dental implantation. [ 1 ]
In open flap debridement (OFD) the gum is peeled back to make it possible for the dentist to see and ensure full removal of tartar/calculus from these difficult to access areas. [7] Teeth with furcation defects as a result of gum recession may require open flap debridement (OFD) as these areas can be very difficult to clean.