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Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Both are available commercially. While classified as a strong base, lithium hydroxide is the weakest known alkali metal hydroxide.
Lithium hydroxide and lithium peroxide are the salts most commonly used in confined areas, such as aboard spacecraft and submarines, for carbon dioxide removal and air purification. Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate, and is preferred over other alkaline hydroxides for its low weight.
Lithium hydroxide is another important compound that is used in air purification systems, as well as in the production of lithium greases and lubricants. Lithium chloride is used as a desiccant and in the production of lithium metal, while lithium sulfate is used in the production of fertilizers and as a reagent in chemical reactions
A vigorous reaction occurs, producing hydrogen gas and the specific alkali hydroxide. For example, if sodium is the alkali metal: For example, if sodium is the alkali metal: 2 Na + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2
Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, [5] primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder. [5] Lithium is taken orally (by mouth). [5] Common side effects include increased urination, shakiness of the hands, and increased thirst. [5]
Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) or lithia is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a white solid. ... forming lithium hydroxide and should be isolated from them.
The fraction of lithium-6 is preferentially drained by the mercury, but the lithium-7 flows mostly with the hydroxide. At the bottom of the column, the lithium (enriched with lithium-6) is separated from the amalgam, and the mercury is recovered to be reused in the process.
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is used in breathing gas purification systems for spacecraft, submarines, and rebreathers to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gas. [14] 2 LiOH + CO 2 → Li 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. The hydroxide of lithium is preferred to that of sodium because of its lower mass.