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In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality : how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures ...
In computing, multiple instruction, single data (MISD) is a type of parallel computing architecture where many functional units perform different operations on the same data. Pipeline architectures belong to this type, though a purist might say that the data is different after processing by each stage in the pipeline.
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. [1] Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism.
Concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions.
Atanasoff–Berry computer, the first computer with parallel processing [1] Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallel or simultaneous execution of a sequence of instructions in a computer program. More specifically, ILP refers to the average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution. [2]: 5
In Auguin’s SPMD model, the same (parallel) task (“same program”) is executed on different (SIMD) processors (“operating in lock-step mode” [1] acting on a part (“slice”) of the data-vector. Specifically, in their 1985 paper [2] (and similarly in [3] [1]) is stated: “we consider the SPMD (Single Program, Multiple Data) operating ...
In parallel computing, all-to-all (also known as index operation or total exchange) is a collective operation, where each processor sends an individual message to every other processor. Initially, each processor holds p messages of size m each, and the goal is to exchange the i-th message of processor j with the j-th message of processor i.
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a portable message-passing standard designed to function on parallel computing architectures. [1] The MPI standard defines the syntax and semantics of library routines that are useful to a wide range of users writing portable message-passing programs in C, C++, and Fortran.