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  2. Total internal reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection

    Fig. 1: Underwater plants in a fish tank, and their inverted images (top) formed by total internal reflection in the water–air surface. In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into ...

  3. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection...

    A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is a type of microscope with which a thin region of a specimen, usually less than 200 nanometers can be observed. TIRFM is an imaging modality which uses the excitation of fluorescent cells in a thin optical specimen section that is supported on a glass slide.

  4. Total internal reflection microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection...

    Total internal reflection microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique for object tracking and detection utilizing the light scattered from an evanescent field in the vicinity of a dielectric interface. Its advantages are a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high spatial resolution in the vertical dimension.

  5. Attenuated total reflectance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_total_reflectance

    Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a sampling technique used in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy which enables samples to be examined directly in the solid or liquid state without further preparation. [1] Light undergoes multiple internal reflections in the crystal of high refractive index, shown in yellow.

  6. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    The phase shift of the reflected wave on total internal reflection can similarly be obtained from the phase angles of r p and r s (whose magnitudes are unity in this case). These phase shifts are different for s and p waves, which is the well-known principle by which total internal reflection is used to effect polarization transformations.

  7. Three-mirror anastigmat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-mirror_anastigmat

    A compact illustration of the Korsch telescope published in 1995 by Shai Eisenberg [7] is the solid version of the design with the use of total internal reflection (TIR) to integrate the fourth fold mirror without introducing vignetting.

  8. TIRF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIRF

    Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope Traffic Injury Research Foundation, in partnership with Toyota Canada Inc. Trans-inclusionary radical feminism

  9. Fiberscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberscope

    Fiber-optic cables use total internal reflection to carry information. When light travels from one medium to another it is refracted. If the light is traveling from a less dense medium to a dense medium it is refracted away from the normal. The opposite applies if the light is traveling from a dense medium to a less dense medium.