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Anthony Johnson (b. c. 1600 – d. 1670) was a man from Angola who achieved wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia.Held as an "indentured servant" in 1621, he earned his freedom after several years and was granted land by the colony.
In 1628, a slave ship carried 100 people from Angola to be sold into slavery in Virginia, and consequently the number of Africans in the colony rose greatly. [ 8 ] [ 13 ] [ 15 ] The Atlantic slave trade had been in existence among Europeans before Africans landed in Virginia and according to custom, slavery was legal.
In his A Biographical History of Blacks in America since 1528 (1971), Toppin explains the importance of Punch's case in the legal history of Virginia: Thus, the black man, John Punch, became a slave unlike the two white indentured servants who merely had to serve a longer term. This was the first known case in Virginia involving slavery. [27]
The most likely source of slaves was directly from the West Indies, rather than Africa, through the contacts the American colonists maintained with the European colonies in the region. [12] By an act of 1699, the colony ordered all free Black people deported, virtually defining slaves as all people of African descent who remained in the colony. [7]
He found that the majority of mixed-race or black slaveholders appeared to hold at least some of their slaves for commercial reasons. For instance, he noted that in 1850, more than 80% of black slaveholders were of mixed race, but nearly 90% of their slaves were classified as black. [17]
Of the 350 total on the slave ship, about 143 died in the voyage, and 24 children were sold during a stop at the Colony of Santiago in Jamaica, with 123 enslaved people eventually being taken to Veracruz, in addition to the smaller group of 20-30 taken by the privateers, [2] or perhaps double that amount. [10]
During the American Revolutionary War, Harry Washington escaped from slavery in Virginia and served as a corporal in the Black Pioneers attached to a British artillery unit. After the war he was among Black Loyalists resettled by the British in Nova Scotia, where they were granted land. There Washington married Jenny, another freed American slave.
The first European colonists in Carolina introduced African slavery into the colony in 1670, the year the colony was founded, and Charleston ultimately became the busiest slave port in North America. Slavery spread from the South Carolina Lowcountry first to Georgia, then across the Deep South as Virginia's influence had crossed the ...