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The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. [1] The flux is molten in a highly stable crucible that does not react with the flux. Metal crucibles, such as platinum, titanium, and niobium are used for the growth of oxide crystals.
Crucible steel is steel made by melting pig iron, cast iron, iron, and sometimes steel, often along with sand, glass, ashes, and other fluxes, in a crucible. Crucible steel was first developed in the middle of the 1st millennium BCE in Southern India and Sri Lanka using the wootz process. [1] [2] [3] [4]
A crucible is a container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay , [ 1 ] they can be made from any material that withstands temperatures high enough to melt or otherwise alter its contents.
In making crucible steel, the blister steel bars were broken into pieces and melted in small crucibles, each containing 20 kg or so. This produced higher quality metal, but increased the cost. The Bessemer process reduced the time needed to make lower-grade steel to about half an hour while requiring only enough coke needed to melt the pig iron.
Melting metal in a crucible for casting A metal die casting robot in an industrial foundry. Melting is performed in a furnace. Virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements are used to charge the furnace. Virgin material refers to commercially pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy.
In the 1740s, Benjamin Huntsman found a means of melting blister steel, made by the cementation process, in crucibles. The resulting crucible steel , usually cast in ingots, was more homogeneous than blister steel.