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Nerve injury classification assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy for nerve injuries. Classification was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951. [ 1 ] In the lowest degree of nerve injury the nerve remains intact, but signaling ability is damaged, termed neurapraxia .
Axonotmesis mainly follows a stretch injury. These stretch injuries can either dislocate joints or fracture a limb, due to which peripheral nerves are severed. If the sharp pain from the exposed axon of the nerve is not observed, one can identify a nerve injury from abnormal sensations in their limb.
A more recent and commonly used system described by the late Sir Sydney Sunderland, [33] divides nerve injuries into five degrees: first degree or neurapraxia, following on from Seddon, in which the insulation around the nerve called myelin is damaged but the nerve itself is spared, and second through fifth degree, which denotes increasing ...
Nerve injury is an injury to a nerve.There is no single classification system that can describe all the many variations of nerve injuries. In 1941, Herbert Seddon introduced a classification of nerve injuries based on three main types of nerve fiber injury and whether there is continuity of the nerve. [1]
Damage to the myelin sheath of nerves is a nerve injury. It's classified as neuropraxia or a type 1 nerve injury using the Sunderland classification. [2] It can cause a local conduction block for weeks to months as the myelin sheaths regrow, assuming no reinjury which would prolong recovery. [2]
Cryoneurolysis treatments that use nitrous oxide (boiling point of −88.5 °C) as the coolant fall in the range of an axonotmesis injury, or 2nd degree injury, according to the Sunderland classification system. [1] Treatments of the nerve in this temperature range are reversible, usually within a few months.
In many cases the potential for nerve recovery (full or partial) after decompression is excellent, as chronic nerve compression is associated with low-grade nerve injury (Sunderland classification I-III) rather than high-grade nerve injury (Sunderland classification IV-V). [112] Nerve decompressions for properly selected patients are associated ...
Nerve compression can result in various stages of nerve injury. The majority of carpal tunnel syndrome patients have a degree I nerve injury (Sunderland classification), also called neuropraxia. [17] This is characterized by a conduction block, segmental demyelination, and intact axons.