Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The hypothetico-deductive model or method is a proposed description of the scientific method. According to it, scientific inquiry proceeds by formulating a hypothesis in a form that can be falsifiable, using a test on observable data where the outcome is not yet known. A test outcome that could have and does run contrary to predictions of the ...
In 1978 Elstein, Shulman and Sprafka applied cognitive science methods to investigate physicians’ clinical competence, developing a model of hypothetico-deductive reasoning which proposed that physicians reason by generating and testing a set of hypotheses to explain clinical data. This is an example of backward (hypothesis-to-data) reasoning ...
Deductive reasoning is the reasoning of proof, or logical implication. It is the logic used in mathematics and other axiomatic systems such as formal logic. In a deductive system, there will be axioms (postulates) which are not proven. Indeed, they cannot be proven without circularity.
Deductive reasoning is studied in logic, psychology, and the cognitive sciences. [3] [1] Some theorists emphasize in their definition the difference between these fields. On this view, psychology studies deductive reasoning as an empirical mental process, i.e. what happens when humans engage in reasoning.
[59] At this point, the person is capable of hypothetical and deductive reasoning. During this time, people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. Piaget stated that "hypothetico-deductive reasoning" becomes important during the formal operational stage.
For example, a new technology or theory might make the necessary experiments feasible. Scientific hypothesis A trial solution to a problem is commonly referred to as a hypothesis—or, often, as an " educated guess " [ 14 ] [ 2 ] —because it provides a suggested outcome based on the evidence.
For example, a candidate hypothesis for stimuli that vary along the three dimensions of shape, colour, and size might be { S h a p e = s q u a r e , C o l o r = b l u e , S i z e = s m a l l } { C l a s s = g o o d } {\displaystyle \{\mathbf {Shape} =square,\mathbf {Color} =blue,\mathbf {Size} =small\}\Longrightarrow \;\{\mathbf {Class} =good\}}
Covering law model reflects neopositivism's vision of empirical science, a vision interpreting or presuming unity of science, whereby all empirical sciences are either fundamental science—that is, fundamental physics—or are special sciences, whether astrophysics, chemistry, biology, geology, psychology, economics, and so on.