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Dysgraphia; Other names: Disorder of written expression: Three handwritten repetitions of the phrase "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" on lined paper.The writing, by an adult with dysgraphia, exhibits variations in letter formation, inconsistent spacing, and irregular alignment, all key characteristics of the condition.
In dyslexia, dysgraphia is often multifactorial, due to impaired letter-writing automaticity, organizational and elaborative difficulties, and impaired visual word forming, which makes it more difficult to retrieve the visual picture of words required for spelling. [25] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
In adults, the syndrome may occur after a stroke. [5] In addition to exhibiting the above symptoms, many adults also experience dysphasia or aphasia , [ 2 ] which is difficulty in expressing oneself when speaking, in understanding speech, or in reading and writing.
LBLD consists of dyscalculia which comprises the reading of numbers sequentially, learning the time table, and telling time; [6] dyslexia; and difficulties associated with written language such as trouble learning new vocabulary, letters and alphabets.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read.
Dyslexia is a complex, lifelong disorder involving difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters and other symbols. Dyslexia does not affect general intelligence, but is often co-diagnosed with ADHD.
ADHD in adults is relatively common and affects between 139 million and 360 million people worldwide, according to the Cleveland Clinic. With treatment, people usually have limited effects from it ...
Dyscravia [1] is a voicing substitution dysgraphia, i.e. a type of writing disorder in which the affected person confuses letters denoting sounds that differ in their voicing attribute (e.g. writing "dap" instead of "tap" or "tash" instead of "dash").