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  2. Oath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath

    Juror's oath, an oath taken by jurors at the beginning of jury selection or trial; Pauper's oath, a sworn statement or oath by a person that he or she is completely without any money or property. Military oath, delivered on enlistment into the military service of the state military. Decisory oath, an oath that conclusively resolves a factual ...

  3. Sworn testimony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sworn_testimony

    Oath: A commitment made to the witness's deity, or on their holy book. Affirmation : A secular variant of the oath where the witness does not have to mention a deity or holy book. Promise : A commitment made by a witness under the age of 17, or of all witnesses if none of the accused are over the age of 17.

  4. Heliastic oath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliastic_oath

    The Heliastic oath (Ancient Greek: ἡλιαστικὸς ὅρκος; heliastikos horkos) was an oath sworn by jurors in the ancient Athenian law courts. In Demosthenes ' speech Against Timocrates , the oath was quoted, and using quotations from other speeches, we can reconstruct the oath's main lines.

  5. Ironclad Oath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironclad_Oath

    The oath was a critical factor in removing many ex-Confederates from the political arena during the Reconstruction era of the late 1860s. To take the Ironclad Oath, a person had to swear he had never borne arms against the Union or supported the Confederacy: that is, he had "never voluntarily borne arms against the United States", had "voluntarily" given "no aid, countenance, counsel or ...

  6. The 5 Hardest and 5 Easiest Languages for English ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/5-hardest-5-easiest...

    In the Foreign Service Institute’s language classification system, the most difficult languages are at Category 5. These take 88 weeks or 2,200 hours of classroom time to reach proficiency.

  7. Schwurhand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwurhand

    Elisabeth Kopp's oath of office after her election to the Swiss Federal Council in 1984. The Schwurhand (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvuːɐ̯hant], "swear-hand"; Dutch: spreekgebaar) is a heraldic charge depicting the hand gesture that is used in Germanic Europe and neighbouring countries, when swearing an oath in court, in office, or in swearing-in.

  8. Sacramentum (oath) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramentum_(oath)

    The sacramentum militare (also as militum or militiae) was the oath taken by soldiers in pledging their loyalty to the consul in the Republican era or later to the emperor. The sacramentum as pertaining to both the law and the military indicates the religious basis for these institutions. The text of the oath was recorded by Vegetius: [8]

  9. Compurgation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compurgation

    Compurgation, also called trial by oath, wager of law, and oath-helping, was a defence used primarily in medieval law. A defendant could establish his innocence or nonliability by taking an oath and by getting a required number of persons, typically twelve, to swear they believed the defendant's oath.