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Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. [1]
The Convention on Cybercrime, also known as the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime or the Budapest Convention, is the first international treaty seeking to address Internet and computer crime (cybercrime) harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.
Previous laws dealing with computer crime in Ireland were the Criminal Damage Act 1991 and Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences Act) 2001. [1] Neither of these were specifically intended to deal with computer crime. [1] Then Tánaiste and Minister for Justice Frances Fitzgerald brought forward the legislation in May 2017. [1]
Illegal Access: “Hacking” is one of the major forms of offenses that refers to unlawful access to a computer system.. Data Espionage: Offenders can intercept communications between users (such as e-mails) by targeting communication infrastructure such as fixed lines or wireless, and any Internet service (e.g., e-mail servers, chat or VoIP communications).
One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. [1] [4] The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. [5]
Cyberstalking is a criminal offense under various state anti-stalking, slander and harassment laws. A conviction can result in a restraining order, probation, or criminal penalties against the assailant, including jail.
Created a criminal offense for conspiring to commit a computer hacking offense under section 1030; Broadened the definition of "protected computer" in 18 U.S.C. § 1030(e)(2) to the full extent of Congress's commerce power by including those computers used in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or communication; and
Thus, the §1 offence is committed as soon as the unauthorised access is attempted, and the §2 offence overtakes liability as soon as specific access is made for the criminal purpose. The §3 offence is specifically aimed at those who write and circulate a computer virus or worm, whether on a LAN or across networks.