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Unlike works of the U.S. government, works produced by contractors under government contracts are protected under U.S. copyright law [disputed (for: only true at times) – discuss]. The holdership of the copyright depends on the terms of the contract and the type of work undertaken.
Furthermore, the clause only permits protection of the writings of authors and the discoveries of inventors. Hence, writings may only be protected to the extent that they are original, [7] [non-primary source needed] and "inventions" must be truly inventive and not merely obvious improvements on existing knowledge.
A government entity may enforce copyright or acquire a patent for a computer software program or components of a program created by that government entity without statutory authority. If a government entity acquires a patent to a computer software program or component of a program, the data shall be treated as trade secret information under ...
Commonly, this involves someone creating or distributing a "copy" of a protected work that is "substantially similar" to the original version. Infringements requires copying. If two people happen to write exactly the same story, without knowledge of the other, there is no infringement.
The introduction of the photocopier, cassette tape, and videotape made it easier for consumers to copy materials like books and music, but each time a copy was made, it lost some fidelity. Digital media like text, audio, video, and software (even when stored on physical media like compact discs and DVDs ) can be copied losslessly, and shared on ...
The court ruled that exact or "slavish" reproductions of two-dimensional works such as paintings and photographs that were already in the public domain could not be considered original enough for protection under U.S. law, "a photograph which is no more than a copy of a work of another as exact as science and technology permits lacks ...
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[25] "Examples would include choreography that has never been filmed or notated, an extemporaneous speech, original works of authorship communicated solely through conversations or live broadcasts, a dramatic sketch or musical composition improvised or developed from memory and without being recorded or written down." [26]