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Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
Stroke is a peer-reviewed medical journal published monthly by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the American Heart Association. It covers research on cerebral circulation and related diseases, including clinical research on assessment of risk for stroke , diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, as well as rehabilitation. [ 1 ]
Stroke can be classified into two major categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic. [20] Ischemic stroke is caused by interruption of the blood supply to the brain, while hemorrhagic stroke results from the rupture of a blood vessel or an abnormal vascular structure. About 87% of stroke is ischemic, with the rest being hemorrhagic.
A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of ischemia affecting the brain is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke. [17] TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients having a serious stroke within one year. [17] [18]
A transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary (transient) stroke with noticeable symptoms that end within 24 hours. A TIA causes the same symptoms associated with a stroke, such as weakness or numbness on one side of the body, sudden dimming or loss of vision, difficulty speaking or understanding language or slurred speech.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain (i.e. the parenchyma), into its ventricles, or into both. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 1 ] An ICH is a type of bleeding within the skull and one kind of stroke (ischemic stroke being the other).
Research is still needed in the area of cerebellar stroke management; however, several factors may lead to poor outcomes in individuals who have a cerebellar stroke. These factors include: Declining levels of consciousness; New signs of brainstem involvement; Progressing Hydrocephalus; Stroke to the midline of the cerebellum (a.k.a. the vermis) [4]
Hemorrhagic transformation is a process which involves the bleeding of brain tissue that has been affected by the stroke and can take two forms: petechial hemorrhage and parenchymal hemorrhage. [1] HT can lead to further damage to the brain tissue and worsen the outcome of the initial stroke.