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  2. Spastic cerebral palsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_cerebral_palsy

    Changes in spasticity and corresponding postures may also occur with other brain activity, such as excitement, fear or anxiety, or even pain, which increase muscle tension. [ citation needed ] A person with spastic CP will commonly show, in addition to higher muscle tone, persistent primitive reflexes , greater stretch reflexes , plantar reflex ...

  3. Hypertonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertonia

    Symptoms associated with central nervous systems disorders are classified into positive and negative categories. Positive symptoms include those that increase muscle activity through hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex (i.e., rigidity and spasticity) where negative symptoms include those of insufficient muscle activity (i.e. weakness) and reduced motor function. [5]

  4. Spastic diplegia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_diplegia

    Spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that primarily affects the legs, with possible considerable asymmetry between the two sides. It is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, manifested as an especially high and constant "tightness" or "stiffness", [1] [2] usually in the legs, hips and pelvis.

  5. Cerebral palsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_palsy

    Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity or high muscle tone often resulting in stiff, jerky movements. [110] Itself an umbrella term encompassing spastic hemiplegia , spastic diplegia , spastic quadriplegia and – where solely one limb or one specific area of the body is affected – spastic monoplegia.

  6. Upper motor neuron lesion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion

    Changes in muscle performance can be broadly described as the upper motor neuron syndrome. These changes vary depending on the site and the extent of the lesion, and may include: Muscle weakness. [2] known as 'pyramidal weakness' Sloth sign. Decreased control of active movement, particularly slowness; Spasticity, a velocity-dependent change in ...

  7. Spasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasticity

    Spasticity can be differentiated from rigidity with the help of simple clinical examination, as rigidity is a uniform increase in the tone of agonist and antagonist muscles which is not related to the velocity at which the movement is performed passively and remains the same throughout the range of movement while spasticity is a velocity ...

  8. Spastic hemiplegia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_hemiplegia

    Leukodystrophies are a group of hereditary diseases that are known to cause spastic hemiplegia. Brain infections that cause spastic hemiplegia are meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and encephalitis. [7] The spasticity occurs when the afferent pathways in the brain are compromised and the communication between the brain to the motor fibers is lost ...

  9. Spastic quadriplegia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_quadriplegia

    Bleeding in the brain caused by fetal strokes, blood clots, weak and malformed blood vessels, or high maternal blood pressure may also lead to brain damage causing spastic quadriplegia. Maternal infection, most specifically pelvic inflammatory disease , has been shown to increase the risk of fetal stroke.

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