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There are three pericardial sinuses: superior, transverse and oblique. [1] The superior sinus is anterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. [1] It cannot be assessed in electrophysiology procedures. [1] The oblique sinus is an inverted J-shaped reflection of the venae cavae and pulmonary veins. [2]
The differential diagnoses of Kussmaul's sign includes constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and severe right-sided heart failure. [ citation needed ] With cardiac tamponade , jugular veins are distended and typically show a prominent x descent and an absent y descent as opposed to patients with ...
Purkinje images are reflections of objects from the structure of the eye. They are also known as Purkinje reflexes and as Purkinje–Sanson images. At least four Purkinje images are usually visible in the normal eye. The first Purkinje image (P1) is the reflection from the outer surface of the cornea. The second Purkinje image (P2) is the ...
The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart. Pericardial fluid is the serous fluid secreted by the serous layer of the pericardium into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the ...
Ewart's sign is a set of findings on physical examination in people with large collections of fluid around their heart (pericardial effusions). [2]Dullness to percussion (described historically as "woody" in quality), egophony, and bronchial breath sounds may be appreciated at the inferior angle of the left scapula when the effusion is large enough to compress the left lower lobe of the lung ...
The pericardium (pl.: pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [1] It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue ( fibrous pericardium ), and an inner layer made of serous membrane ( serous pericardium ).
The pericardiacophrenic arteries travel through the thoracic cavity.They course through the fibrous pericardium. [2] The pericardiacophrenic artery accompanies the phrenic nerve between the pleura and pericardium, to the diaphragm. [3]
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin: mediastinus, lit. 'midway'; [2] pl.: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph ...