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Instead, they offer a probable range of 3.2 to 5.5 million excess deaths for the entire Soviet Union from 1926 to 1939, a period that covers collectivization, the civil war in the countryside, the purges of the late 1930s and major epidemics of typhus and malaria. [58]
Because of the success made by the first plan, Stalin did not hesitate with going ahead with the second five-year plan in 1932, although the official start date for the plan was 1933. The second five-year plan gave heavy industry top priority, putting the Soviet Union not far behind Germany as one of the major steel-producing countries of the ...
Some well-known journalists, most notably Walter Duranty of The New York Times, downplayed the famine and its death toll. [170] In 1932, he received the Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence for his coverage of the Soviet Union's first five-year plan and was considered the most expert Western journalist to cover the famine. [170]
Scholars estimate the death toll for the Great Purge (1936–1938) to be roughly 700,000–1.2 million. ... famine across the USSR and slowed the Five Year Plan ...
The largest success of the first five-year plan, however, was the Soviet Union beginning its journey to become an economic and industrial superpower. [52] Stalin declared the plan a success at the beginning of 1933, noting the creation of several heavy industries where none had existed, [ 53 ] and that the plan was fulfilled in four years and ...
Stalin in December 1932 declared the plan success to the Central Committee since increases in the output of coal and iron would fuel future development. [8] During the Second Five-Year Plan (1933–1937), on the basis of the huge investment during the first plan, the industry expanded extremely rapidly and nearly reached the plan's targets. By ...
Redistribution of farmland started in 1917 and lasted until 1933, but was most active in the 1929–1932 period of the first five-year plan. To facilitate the expropriations of farmland, the Soviet government announced the "liquidation of the kulaks as a class " on 27 December 1929, portraying kulaks as class enemies of the Soviet Union.
For a plan period (in detail for one year and in lesser detail for a five-year plan) Gosplan drew up a balance sheet in terms of units of material (i.e. money was not used as part of the accounting process). The first step in the process was to assess how much steel, cement, wool cloth, etc. would be available for the next year.