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A pH meter is a scientific instrument that ... The pH meter has one calibration control to set the meter reading equal to the value of the first standard buffer and a ...
The equations, derived from the acidity constant and basicity constant, states that when pH equals the pK a or pK b value of the indicator, both species are present in a 1:1 ratio. If pH is above the p K a or p K b value, the concentration of the conjugate base is greater than the concentration of the acid, and the color associated with the ...
To calibrate the electrode, it is first immersed in a standard solution, and the reading on a pH meter is adjusted to be equal to the standard buffer's value. The reading from a second standard buffer solution is then adjusted using the "slope" control to be equal to the pH for that solution. Further details, are given in the IUPAC ...
H + does not cross through the glass membrane of the pH electrode, it is the Na + which crosses and leads to a change in free energy. When an ion diffuses from a region of activity to another region of activity, there is a free energy change and this is what the pH meter actually measures.
An elementary pH meter that can be used to monitor titration reactions. pH meter: A potentiometer with an electrode whose potential depends on the amount of H + ion present in the solution. (This is an example of an ion-selective electrode.) The pH of the solution is measured throughout the titration, more accurately than with an indicator; at ...
A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution. [1]
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of reactants have been mixed. For an acid-base reaction the equivalence point is where the moles of acid and the moles of base would neutralize each other according to the chemical reaction.
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...