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Specific impulse should not be confused with energy efficiency, which can decrease as specific impulse increases, since propulsion systems that give high specific impulse require high energy to do so. [3] Specific impulse should not be confused with total thrust. Thrust is the force supplied by the engine and depends on the propellant mass flow ...
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur , not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Solid fuel rockets have lower specific impulse, a measure of propellant efficiency, than liquid fuel rockets. As a result, the overall performance of solid upper stages is less than liquid stages even though the solid mass ratios are usually in the .91 to .93 range, as good as or better than most liquid propellant upper stages.
Sugar based rocket propellants have an average I sp (specific impulse) of between 114 and 130 seconds. Compare that to the average I sp of an APCP (Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant), which is 180 to 260 seconds. Sorbitol and KNO 3 based propellants with a typical 35:65 ratio are capable of an I sp of between 110 and 125
Research is being conducted at the European Space Agency to investigate its use in solid rocket propellants. [4] [5] It tends to produce propellants which burn very rapidly and with very high combustion efficiency. Its high energy leads to high specific impulse propellants. It is currently an expensive research chemical available only in ...
Some typical values of the exhaust gas velocity v e for rocket engines burning various propellants are: 1.7 to 2.9 km/s (3800 to 6500 mi/h) for liquid monopropellants; 2.9 to 4.5 km/s (6500 to 10100 mi/h) for liquid bipropellants; 2.1 to 3.2 km/s (4700 to 7200 mi/h) for solid propellants
Solid propellants are a mixture of fuel and oxidiser. Metallic powders such as aluminium often serve as the fuel, and ammonium perchlorate, which is the salt of perchloric acid and ammonia, is the ...
A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder. The inception of gunpowder rockets in warfare can be credited to the ancient Chinese, and in the 13th century, the Mongols played a pivotal role in ...