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Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics. [1] [2] [3]Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.
Logic Programming Associates (LPA) is a company specializing in logic programming and artificial intelligence software. LPA was founded in 1980 [1] and is widely known for its range of Prolog compilers, the Flex expert system toolkit and most recently, VisiRule.
XSB is a compiled dialect of Prolog based on the Warren Abstract Machine. [1] Unlike systems derived from Quintus, XSB uses a module system based on Prolog atoms. [1] It features tabled resolution and supports the HiLog language (permitting limited higher-order logic programming). [1]
The first Prolog program, also written in 1972 and implemented in Marseille, was a French question-answering system. The use of Prolog as a practical programming language was given great momentum by the development of a compiler by David H. D. Warren in Edinburgh in 1977.
Computer-aided detection (CADe), also called computer-aided diagnosis (CADx), are systems that assist doctors in the interpretation of medical images.Imaging techniques in X-ray, MRI, endoscopy, and ultrasound diagnostics yield a great deal of information that the radiologist or other medical professional has to analyze and evaluate comprehensively in a short time.
The expert diagnosis (or diagnosis by expert system) is based on experience with the system. Using this experience, a mapping is built that efficiently associates the observations to the corresponding diagnoses. The experience can be provided: By a human operator. In this case, the human knowledge must be translated into a computer language.
INTERNIST-I (or INTERNIST-1 [1]) was a broad-based computer-assisted decision tree developed in the early 1970s at the University of Pittsburgh as an educational experiment. . The INTERNIST system was designed primarily by AI pioneer and Computer Scientist Harry Pople to capture the diagnostic expertise of Jack D. Myers, chairman of internal medicine in the University of Pittsburgh School of ...
MYCIN was an early backward chaining expert system that used artificial intelligence to identify bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis, and to recommend antibiotics, with the dosage adjusted for patient's body weight — the name derived from the antibiotics themselves, as many antibiotics have the suffix "-mycin".