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Tuberculosis has been known by many names from the technical to the familiar. [202] Phthisis (φθίσις) is the Greek word for consumption, an old term for pulmonary tuberculosis; [7] around 460 BCE, Hippocrates described phthisis as a disease of dry seasons. [203] The abbreviation TB is short for tubercle bacillus.
The current clinical classification system for tuberculosis (TB) is based on the pathogenesis of the disease. [1] Health care providers should comply with local laws and regulations requiring the reporting of TB. All persons with class 3 or class 5 TB should be reported promptly to the local health department. [2]
Aspergilloma in an old tuberculosis cavity; healed, calcified tuberculous lesions are also present towards the right of the image Healed tuberculous cavity, where the entire left lung is destroyed. Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is ongoing lung disease that is caused by tuberculosis (TB) but persists after the infection is cured. [1]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of both pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. [1] [6] Historically, transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from dairy consumption was another frequent cause of tuberculous lymphadenitis, but incidence has drastically decreased in developed countries since the advent of pasteurization and other efforts to prevent bovine ...
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
011.9 Pulmonary tuberculosis, Unspecified Respiratory tuberculosis; Tuberculosis of lung; 012 Other respiratory tuberculosis; 013 Tuberculosis of meninges and central nervous system; 014 Tuberculosis of intestines, peritoneum, and mesenteric glands; 015 Tuberculosis of bones and joints. 015.0 Tuberculosis of Vertebral column. Pott's disease ...
Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that is characterized by a wide dissemination into the human body and by the tiny size of the lesions (1–5 mm). Its name comes from a distinctive pattern seen on a chest radiograph of many tiny spots distributed throughout the lung fields with the appearance similar to millet seeds—thus the term "miliary" tuberculosis.
Because MDR tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, persons with active, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a multidrug-resistant strain can transmit the disease if they are alive and coughing. [41] TB strains are often less fit and less transmissible, and outbreaks occur more readily in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients with HIV).