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The shoulder abduction relief test, also called Bakody's test, is a medical maneuver used to evaluate for cervical radiculopathy. [1] Specifically, this test is used to evaluate for nerve root compression at C5-C7. It is often used when a patient presents with neck pain that radiates down the ipsilateral upper extremity. [2]
Spurling's test is somewhat specific when used for individuals with an abnormal electromyogram study and is a relatively sensitive physical examination maneuver in diagnosing cervical spondylosis or acute cervical radiculopathy. It is not a very sensitive test when used for individuals without classic radicular signs suggestive of cervical ...
The diagnosis may be suggested by symptoms of pain, numbness, paresthesia, and weakness in a pattern consistent with the distribution of a particular nerve root, such as sciatica. [6] [7] Neck pain or back pain may also be present. [medical citation needed] Physical examination may reveal motor and sensory deficits in the distribution of a ...
They allow for flexion and extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine. Pathological processes that can occur in these joints include degenerative changes or hypertrophic arthritis, resulting in foraminal stenosis and nerve compression. Foraminal stenosis at this joint is the most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure.
Occipito-cervical junction This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, causing the hypermobility of the connection between the neck and head, resulting in paralysis or pain. [6] Cerebrovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease is a type of cervical spine disorder that can cause tetraplegia. [7] Subaxial cervical spine [8] Atlanto-axial joint
The Apley scratch test specifically tests range of motion and in a normal exam, an individual should be able to reach C7 on external rotation, and T7 on internal rotation. Evaluation of distal pulses; Strength testing: wrist extension tests the radial nerve, finger abduction tests the ulnar nerve, and thumb apposition tests the median nerve.
Spinal decompression is the relief of pressure on the spinal cord or on one or more compressed nerve roots passing through or exiting the spinal column. [1] Decompression of the spinal neural elements is a key component in treating spinal radiculopathy , myelopathy and claudication .
Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome can be caused by nerve compression syndrome. A winged scapula is the most common symptom. [7] Shoulder pain may occur. [7] It causes weakness in rhomboid major muscle, rhomboid minor muscle, and levator scapulae muscle. [7] The range of motion of the shoulder may be limited. [7] Treatment is usually conservative. [7]