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In patients with penicillin allergy, doxycycline or trimethoprim are preferred. [7] More complicated bronchitis may be when the patient is more than 65 years old, has four or more exacerbations per year, has an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 50% on spirometry, has failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatment, and/or has comorbidity. [7]
In 1901 an article was published on the treatment of chronic bronchitis in the elderly. The symptoms described have remained unchanged. The cause was thought to be brought on by dampness, cold weather, and foggy conditions, and treatments were aimed towards various cough mixtures, respiratory stimulants, and tonics.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Additionally, bronchitis is described as either acute or chronic depending on its presentation and is also further described by the causative agent. Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. [8]
Chronic bronchitis is on a spectrum of smoking-related lung disease also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other lung diseases on the spectrum such as emphysema can co-exist with COPD. It accounts for 5% of chronic cough. [16] Chemical irritants, such as cigarette smoke, are a common factor that can lead to chronic cough ...
In the UK, approximately 1 in 7 individuals are affected by some form of chronic lung disease, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which includes asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. [32] Respiratory diseases (including lung cancer) are responsible for over 10% of hospitalizations and over 16% of deaths in Canada. [33]
Chest pain usually happens during a strenuous activity or heavy exercise. Bronchitis: Bronchitis occurs due to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by viral infections or irritants like smoke, leading to excessive mucus production and airway obstruction. Common symptoms include a productive cough, wheezing, mild chest discomfort ...
Explanatory model of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as reoccurring or persistent pain lasting more than 3 months. [1] The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage". [2]