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Treatment of a thyroid nodule depends on many things including size of the nodule, age of the patient, the type of thyroid cancer, and whether or not it has spread to other tissues in the body. If the nodule is benign, patients may receive thyroxine therapy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone and should be reevaluated in six months. [2]
A scan using iodine-123 showing a hot nodule, accompanied by a lower than normal TSH, is strong evidence that the nodule is not cancerous, as most hot nodules are benign. [21] Computed tomography of the thyroid plays an important role in the evaluation of thyroid cancer. [22]
Most people with thyroid cancer do not have symptoms at the time of diagnosis and thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is usually found incidentally on imaging of the neck. [ 10 ] [ 14 ] Up to 65% of adults have small nodules in their thyroids, but typically under 10% of these nodules are found to be cancerous. [ 15 ]
A cold nodule is a thyroid nodule that does not produce thyroid hormone. [1] On a radioactive iodine uptake test a cold nodule takes up less radioactive material than the surrounding thyroid tissue. [1] A cold nodule may be malignant or benign. [1] On scintigraphy cold nodules do not show but are easily shown on ultrasound. [2]
Regular monitoring mainly consists of watching for changes in nodule size and symptoms, and repeat ultrasonography or needle aspiration biopsy if the nodule grows. [8] For patients with benign thyroid adenomata, thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy is a sufficient surgical treatment.
Colloid nodules, also known as adenomatous nodules [1] or colloid nodular goiter [2] are benign, noncancerous enlargement of thyroid tissue. [3] Although they may grow large, and there may be more than one, they are not malignant and they will not spread beyond the thyroid gland. Colloid nodules are the most common kind of thyroid nodule. [4]