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They contain serous acini, a grouping of serous cells that secrete serous fluid, isotonic with blood plasma, that contains enzymes such as alpha-amylase. Serous glands are most common in the parotid gland and lacrimal gland but are also present in the submandibular gland and, to a far lesser extent, the sublingual gland.
Direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands takes place via preganglionic nerves in the thoracic segments T1-T3 which synapse in the superior cervical ganglion with postganglionic neurons that release norepinephrine, which is then received by β 1-adrenergic receptors on the acinar and ductal cells of the salivary glands, leading to ...
the lacrimal glands; the mammary glands; the pancreas [3] the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands; The thyroid follicles can also be considered of acinar formation but in this case the follicles, being part of an endocrine gland, act as a hormonal deposit rather than to facilitate secretion. Mucous acini usually stain pale, while serous acini ...
Though the parotid gland is the largest, it provides only 25% of the total salivary volume. The serous cell predominates in the parotid, making the gland secrete a mainly serous secretory product. [10] The parotid gland also secretes salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), which is the first step in the decomposition of starches during mastication. It is ...
Further, because the secretory cells are of both serous and mucous types, the submandibular gland is a mixed gland, and though most of the cells are serous, the exudate is chiefly mucous. It has long striated ducts and short intercalated ducts. [7] The secretory acinar cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions.
After sectioning the serous cells resembled the common demilune shape, and were so named. [2] When the gland has this demilunar structure, it has mucoserous acini producing both serous and mucous secretions. Slice of submandibular gland. H&E staining, the structure of the red stained cytoplasm on the left is the serous demilunes.
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
Paneth cells: small intestine: serous 28 Gley's glands, Sandstroem's glands, parathyroid gland: in the neck parathyroid hormone: 29 Parietal cell: stomach: hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor: dynamic canaliculi 30 Parotid gland: mouth: saliva tubulo-alveolar 31 Peyer's patches (or glands) ileum, lymphatic glands Pineal gland: brain: melatonin ...