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  2. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.

  3. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Distillation, widely used in petroleum refining and in purification of ethanol separates volatile liquids on the basis of their relative volatilities. There are several type of distillation: simple distillation, steam distillation etc. Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water.

  4. Steam distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation

    [2] for example, to extract limonene (boiling point 176 °C) from orange peels. Steam distillation once was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds, but it has been replaced in many such uses by vacuum distillation and supercritical fluid extraction. It is however much simpler and economical than those alternatives ...

  5. Fractional distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

    Fractional distillation in a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner, a round-bottomed flask and a condenser, as well as the single-purpose fractionating column. Fractional distillation. As an example, consider the distillation of a mixture of water and ethanol. Ethanol boils at ...

  6. Category:Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Distillation

    Distillation is a method of separation of substances based on differences in their volatilities. This process is essentially governed by Raoult's law and Dalton's law . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Distillation .

  7. Dry distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_distillation

    Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may involve pyrolysis or thermolysis, or it may not (for instance, a simple mixture of ice and glass could be separated without breaking any chemical bonds, but organic matter contains a greater diversity of molecules, some of which are likely to break).

  8. Azeotropic distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotropic_distillation

    In organic chemistry, some dehydration reactions are subject to unfavorable but fast equilibria. One example is the formation of dioxolanes from aldehydes: [9] RCHO + (CH 2 OH) 2 RCH(OCH 2) 2 + H 2 O. Such unfavorable reactions proceed when water is removed by azeotropic distillation.

  9. Distilled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water

    In general, non-purified water could cause or interfere with chemical reactions as well as leave mineral deposits after boiling away. One method of removing impurities from water and other fluids is distillation. For example, ions commonly found in tap water would drastically reduce lifespans of lead–acid batteries used in