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Ritual sacrifice was an integral part of ancient Greco-Roman religion [4] and was regarded as an indication of whether a person was pagan or Christian. [4] Paganism has broadly connoted the "religion of the peasantry". [1] [5] During and after the Middle Ages, the term paganism was applied to any non-Christian religion, and the term presumed a ...
The right half of the front panel of the 7th-century Franks Casket, depicting the Anglo-Saxon (and wider Germanic) legend of Wayland the Smith. Anglo-Saxon paganism, sometimes termed Anglo-Saxon heathenism, Anglo-Saxon pre-Christian religion, Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, or Anglo-Saxon polytheism refers to the religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons between the 5th ...
The Triumph of Christianity over Paganism, a painting by Gustave Doré (1899). Paganism is commonly used to refer to various religions that existed during Antiquity and the Middle Ages, such as the Greco-Roman religions of the Roman Empire, including the Roman imperial cult, the various mystery religions, religious philosophies such as Neoplatonism and Gnosticism, and more localized ethnic ...
393: A council of early Christian bishops listed and approved a biblical canon for the first time at the Synod of Hippo. 400: Saint Augustine exhorts his congregation to smash all pagan artefacts, saying "for that all superstition of pagans and heathens should be annihilated is what God wants, God commands, God proclaims!"
There is much evidence that Völuspá was influenced by Christian belief, [157] and it is also possible that the theme of conflict being followed by a better future—as reflected in the Ragnarok story—perhaps reflected the period of conflict between paganism and Christianity. [158]
This religion flourished among the Franks until the conversion of the Merovingian king Clovis I to Nicene Christianity (c. 500), though there were many Frankish Christians before that. After Clovis I, Frankish paganism was gradually replaced by the process of Christianisation, but there were still pagans in the late 7th century. [citation needed]
One of the most famous of these was Theodor Narbutt who edited Ancient Greek myths and created new Lithuanian ones. [26] In the beginning of the 20th century, ancient pagan traditions were still continued in folklore and customs. [27] [28] People were celebrating ancient pagan festivals mixed with Christian traditions.
The Christian concept of witchcraft derives from Old Testament laws against it. European Christianity viewed witchcraft as a blend of sorcery and apostasy (or heresy). Witches were believed to renounce Christ, the sacraments and salvation, instead performing Black Masses and making a pact with the Devil, through which they gained powers of ...