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The tone contours of Mandarin Chinese. In the convention for Chinese, 1 is low and 5 is high. The corresponding tone letters are ˥, ˧˥, ˨˩˦, ˥˩.. A series of iconic tone letters based on a musical staff was devised by Yuen Ren Chao in the 1920s [2] by adding a reference stave to the existing convention of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The syntax of modern tone indicators stems from /s, which has long been used on the internet to denote sarcasm. [4] This symbol is an abbreviated version of the earlier /sarcasm, itself a simplification of </sarcasm>, the form of a humorous XML closing tag marking the end of a "sarcasm" block, and therefore placed at the end of a sarcastic ...
Although tone diacritics and tone letters are presented as equivalent on the chart, "this was done only to simplify the layout of the chart. The two sets of symbols are not comparable in this way." [82] Using diacritics, a high tone is é and a low tone is è ; in tone letters, these are e˥ and e˩ .
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Ƨ (minuscule: ƨ) is a letter which appears in numerous alphabets, including some proposed extensions of the Latin alphabet.Depending on the context in which the letter is used, it is typically based either on the numeral 2 or the Latin letter S.
Tone five A letter used in the Zhuang language from 1957 to 1986 to indicate its fifth tone Ƅ ƅ: Tone six Zhuang (1957–1986: sixth tone) Ɂ ɂ ʔ: Glottal stop: IPA /ʔ/ IPA glottal stop, Canadian aboriginal orthographies Ꜣ ꜣ Egyptological alef Ꞌ ꞌ Saltillo Some orthographies in Mexico and Nigeria /ʔ/ ꞏ Middle dot
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. [1] All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously ...
For example, ʰ should not occur on its own but modifies the preceding or following symbol. Thus, tʰ is a single IPA symbol, distinct from t. In practice, however, several of these "modifier letters" are also used as full graphemes, e.g. ʿ as transliterating Semitic ayin or Hawaiian ʻokina, or ˚ transliterating Abkhaz ә.