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Altitude sickness, the mildest form being acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a harmful effect of high altitude, caused by rapid exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high elevation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] People's bodies can respond to high altitude in different ways.
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in otherwise healthy people at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). [2] HAPE is a severe presentation of altitude sickness. Cases have also been reported between 1,500–2,500 metres or 4,900–8,200 feet in people who ...
Altitude sickness occurs as the body adjusts to the lack of oxygen at high elevations. There are ways to prevent, lessen the symptoms.
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases (polycythaemia) and there is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood . CMS typically develops after extended time living at high altitude (over 2,500 metres (8,200 ft)).
It is primarily used for treating severe cases of altitude sickness, [2] [3] high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. [4] Like office-based hyperbaric medicine, the Gamow bag uses increased partial pressure of oxygen for therapy of hypobaric injury but has the advantage of portability for field use.
Dexamethasone is used in the treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), as well as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). [59] It is commonly carried on mountain-climbing expeditions to help climbers deal with complications of altitude sickness. [60] [61]
A rapid depressurisation to the low pressures of high altitudes can trigger altitude decompression sickness. The physiological responses to high altitude include hyperventilation , polycythemia , increased capillary density in muscle and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction–increased intracellular oxidative enzymes.